Neuroscience. AI. Physics.
Different ways of looking closely at the systems
around us.
The cochlea separates sound through fluid-mechanical traveling waves. Beyond the ear, the auditory pathway transforms those signals into a meaningful picture of the world.
Lloyd’s early work studied cochlear mechanics, electronic models of hearing, and networks of spiking neurons. These questions later became part of the foundation for Audience.
Lloyd’s work at Neocortix examines how machine-learning systems learn, represent information, and relate their answers to examples in their training data.
Research topics include neural attribution, explainability, source citations, and uncertainty. A comparative study published on Neocortix’s website in 2025 considers several learning methods on classification tasks.
In July 2026, Lloyd Watts and Carver Mead published a theoretical wave–particle model of energy transfer between two atoms in Entropy.
This work builds on a time-symmetrical perspective on energy exchange. Related animations and earlier explorations of atomic orbitals are available in the research library.
The article presents a theoretical model. Its animations are explanatory illustrations, rather than direct observations of an atomic energy-transfer event.
DeepPitch is a neural-network approach to monophonic pitch estimation. The 2018 paper describes a range from 27.5 Hz to 4.186 kHz, spanning the piano’s musical range.
Speech, singing, and instruments offer different tests of what it means for a machine to hear. The original demonstrations follow pitch across voices and musical sounds.